风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效评价

目的:探究风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年4月—2019年1月北京中医药大学东直门医院针灸科门诊就诊的84例椎动脉型颈椎病患者作为研究对象,分为观察组43例、对照组41例。观察组采用短刺法针刺风池穴治疗,对照组采用平补平泻法针刺风池穴治疗,1个疗程后比较两组患者的ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分以及TCD相关指标,TCD指标观察基底动脉和双侧椎动脉的平均血流速度(Vm)、收缩期血流速度峰值(Vs)、血管搏动指数(PI)和血管阻力指数(RI)的变化。结果:治疗前后两组ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且椎动脉、基底动脉的Vs、Vm较治疗前明显减慢,且观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺风池穴治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床效果显著,且短刺法优于平补平泻法。     

1,8-桉叶油素自微乳给药系统的制备及质量评价和细胞摄取研究

目的优化1,8-桉叶油素(1,8-cineole,1,8-Cin)自微乳给药系统(1,8-cineole self-microemulsion drug delivery system,1,8-Cin-SMEDDS)处方,对其进行表征并进行细胞摄取考察。方法通过绘制伪三元相图,确定1,8-Cin-SMEDDS有效自乳化区域,进行初步处方筛选。以粒径和载药量为指标,采用星点设计-效应面法对1,8-Cin-SMEDDS处方进行优化并验证。荧光显微镜观察高糖损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)对1,8-Cin-SMEDDS的摄取情况。结果 1,8-Cin-SMEDDS的最佳处方是大豆油(7.5%)与1,8-Cin(22.5%)为混合油相,HS15(56%)为乳化剂,乙醇(14%)为助乳化剂,滴加纯水至8m L得半透明略带蓝色乳光液体。透射电镜观察其外观呈球形液滴,激光粒度Zeta电位测定仪测得平均粒径为(131.68±1.44)nm,Zeta电位为(-10.03±1.63)m V;HPLC法测得包封率为(99.890±0.012)%,载药量为(224.750±0.028)mg/g。HUVEC细胞摄取实验结果表明,细胞对1,8-Cin-SMEDDS的摄取高于游离1,8-Cin。结论 1,8-Cin-SMEDDS制备方法简便,重复性好,所得1,8-Cin-SMEDDS外观良好,包封率高,理化性质稳定,且能促进细胞摄取。     

姜黄色素-共聚维酮共研磨粉体性质及溶出度研究

目的 以姜黄色素为模型药物，考察辅料共聚维酮在共研磨过程中的应用特性及共研磨产物提高难溶性药物姜黄色素体外溶出方面的可行性。方法 采用共研磨法，在姜黄色素粉末中分别加入0%、1%、3%共聚维酮，制成不同比例的共研磨物，通过激光粒度仪及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其粒径形态进行考察；运用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、SEM和X射线粉末衍射法（XRPD）鉴别药物在共研磨物中的物相状态；测定姜黄色素原料药、物理混合物和共研磨物在2种溶出介质中的体外溶出度，并考察其加速稳定性。结果 与原料药相比，共聚维酮共研磨物粉末粒径减小，吸湿性和DSC无明显变化；XRPD中姜黄色素主要峰强度有所减弱，结晶度降低；共研磨物中姜黄色素的主要成分溶出度显著提高，在加速条件下放置3个月后溶出未发生变化，稳定性较好。结论 共聚维酮作为新型辅料，其与姜黄色素共研磨后得到的产物能有效改善难溶性药物姜黄色素的溶出度，且稳定性较好；为提高难溶性药物的溶解度和口服生物利用度提供了一种可行的策略。     

制何首乌的炮制方法探索

目的:考察黑豆汁炖制时间对制何首乌外观性状及各类有效成分含量变化规律的影响。方法:采用HPLC同时测定不同炮制时间制何首乌样品中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷的含量,选择Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C_(18)色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0～30 min,5%～100%A; 30～40 min,100%A),流速1. 0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,检测波长280 nm。结果:随炖制时间的增加,二苯乙烯苷含量逐渐降低,与8 h时相比,至64 h时含量降低76%;大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷2种蒽醌苷含量先上升后下降,至24 h时达最高值,炖制40 h时降至与8 h近似的水平,之后略有波动;大黄素、大黄素甲醚2种蒽醌苷元含量先上升后下降,炖制32 h时达最大值,之后缓慢降低并趋于稳定。结论:炖制时间对制何首乌中各类成分含量的影响显著,且变化趋势不尽相同,应规范制何首乌饮片的炮制时间;同时,仅以二苯乙烯苷及蒽醌类成分作为制何首乌的指标性成分依据不够充分,应考虑增加多糖类等质量控制指标。     

医学检验实习中引入PBL教学法的应用分析

在医学检验本科实习生的临床实习中开展PBL教学的研究,探讨其教学效果。对2016-2018年的42名医学检验本科实习生在临床传统的实习教学基础上,引入PBL教学模式,探讨PBL教学核心的"以学生为中心,以问题为中心"的教学方法在临床实习应用实施。发现其能提高学生的学习积极性,增强学生对专业知识的掌握,提高学生的临床思维能力,以及扩展学生的临床知识等方面有着积极的意义,对在医学检验的临床实习中加强理论联系实践,提高学生的综合分析能力是行之有效的方法,值得推广。     

The Comprehensive Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of CalliSpheres^® Drug-Eluting Beads Transarterial Chemoembolization in 367 Liver Cancer Patients: A Multiple-Center,Cohort Study

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in treating Chinese patients with liver cancer. A total of 367 liver cancer patients from 24 medical centers were consecutively enrolled in this multiple-center, prospective cohort study, including 275 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 37 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cases, and 55 secondary liver cancer cases. All the patients received CalliSpheres^® DEB-TACE treatment. Treatment response, overall survival (OS), change of liver function, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. DEB-TACE treatment achieved 19.9% complete response (CR) and 79.6% objective response rate (ORR), with mean OS of 384 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 375–393 days]. CR and ORR were both higher in HCC patients compared with primary ICC patients and secondary liver cancer patients, while no difference was discovered in OS. Portal vein invasion was an independent risk factor for CR, while portal vein invasion, previous conventional TACE (cTACE) treatment, and abnormal blood creatinine (BCr) were independent risk factors for ORR. In addition, largest nodule size 5.0 cm, abnormal albumin (ALB), and abnormal total bilirubin (TBIL) independently correlated with unfavorable OS. Most liver function indexes were recovered to baseline levels at 1–3 months after DEB-TACE. Common AEs were pain, fever, vomiting, and nausea; most of them were at mild grade. CalliSpheres^® DEB-TACE is efficient and well tolerated in Chinese liver cancer patients. Portal vein invasion, previous cTACE treatment, largest nodule size, abnormal BCr, ALB, and TBIL correlate with worse prognosis independently.     

镫骨骨质缺损对听力传导影响的有限元分析

目的建立完善的鼓膜-听骨链模型,利用有限元初步探讨镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损对听力传导的影响。方法实验数据源于对一名无中耳病史的成年男性左侧颞骨进行Micro-CT扫描,在医学影像处理软件Mimics上进行三维重建,利用Geomagic形成需要的曲面,最后在SolidWorks上将成型的鼓膜-听骨链模型进行切割组装,建立正常听骨链模型以及镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损模型,利用模型分析骨质缺损对听力传导的影响。结果建立的鼓膜-听骨链模型镫骨足板频振曲线符合相关文献报道,在镫骨前、后脚骨质缺损病理模型下,曲线与正常中耳模型曲线接近。结论利用多软件综合处理,可建立可信度较高的中耳听骨链模型;有限元模拟分析结果显示,镫骨前、后脚缺损部分骨质,未对听力传导产生明显影响。     

Finite Neuron Method and Convergence Analysis

We study a family of $H^m$-conforming piecewise polynomials based on the artificial neural network, referred to as the finite neuron method (FNM), for numerical solution of $2m$-th-order partial differential equations in$\mathbb{R}^d$ for any $m,d≥1$ and then provide convergence analysis for this method. Given a general domain Ω$⊂\mathbb{R}^d$ and a partition$\mathcal{T}_h$ of Ω, it is still an open problem in general how to construct a conforming finite element subspace of $H^m$(Ω) that has adequate approximation properties. By using techniques from artificial neural networks, we construct a family of $H^m$-conforming functions consisting of piecewise polynomials of degree $k$ for any $k≥m$ and we further obtain the error estimate when they are applied to solve the elliptic boundary value problem of any order in any dimension. For example, the error estimates that $‖u−u_N‖_{H^m(\rm{Ω})}=\mathcal{O}(N^{−\frac{1}{2}−\frac{1}{d}})$ is obtained for the error between the exact solution $u$ and the finite neuron approximation $u_N$. A discussion is also provided on the difference and relationship between the finite neuron method and finite element methods (FEM). For example, for the finite neuron method, the underlying finite element grids are not given a priori and the discrete solution can be obtained by only solving a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem. Despite the many desirable theoretical properties of the finite neuron method analyzed in the paper, its practical value requires further investigation as the aforementioned underlying non-linear and non-convex optimization problem can be expensive and challenging to solve. For completeness and the convenience of the reader, some basic known results and their proofs are introduced.     

Increasing suction pressure during endotracheal suctioning increases the volume of suctioned secretions,but not procedure-related complications: A comparative study in open system endotracheal suctioning

ObjectivesTo compare the effect of three different suction pressures (80 mmHg, 150 mmHg, 250 mmHg) with the open system suction method in terms of the volume of secretions and complications development in intubated intensive care patients.Research methodology/designThis study was planned as a prospective, experimental, self-controlled design. The study sample included 47 patients. Data were collected using a data collection and patient follow-up form from patient records.SettingSingle adult intensive care unit in a university hospital.ResultsFifty five percent of the patients were male, 61.7% were older than 65 years and 38.32% had lung infection. The amount of suctioned secretions tended to increase significantly with increasing negative pressure and there was a significant difference between the pressures in terms of the median volume of suctioned secretions (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the suction pressures in terms of oxygen desaturation, hypertension rates (p > 0.05). Tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxaemia, tracheal mucosal damage or mucosal bleeding were not observed during suctioning with three different suction pressures.ConclusionIt may be assumed that 250 mmHg suction pressure, via compliance with open system suction method related procedures, is being more effective and equally safe for secretion cleaning in comparison to the 80 and 150 mmHg suction pressures.